Foreign policy of the modern Turkey was established on a western orientation signified in its NATO membership. However, the end of the Cold War drastically changed Turkey's security dependencies. Zero problems with neighbors and Strategic Depth policies of Justice and Development Party since its ascent to power were the reactions to these changes. Meanwhile, the security dynamics following the Arab spring and the civil wars in Syria and Iraq drastically changed the security priorities and dependencies of Turkey. In this regard, the present paper explores how the new security dynamics in Middle East, especially civil wars in Syria and Iraq, have affected Turkey's security priorities and dependencies. The findings of the paper illustrate that the new security dynamics have convinced Turkey to shift from Balkan-Turkey security complex to the Middle East security complex. This transition has been formed in two periods. In the first period, new dynamics created many opportunities to increase Turkey's regional role in competition with other regional players, especially Iran. In the second period, the expansion of civil wars in Syria and Iraq increased the dependences of Turkish national security to the Middle East security complex. The Kurdish problem and Islamic fundamentalism arose from the power vacuum in Syria and Iraq have been the most important threats linking Turkey to the security complex of the Middle East. The methodology of the present paper is descriptiveanalytical, and the data collection method is based on the library and internet sources.

Introduction: Carney complex is an autosomal dominant syndrome that is defined with different tumors including myxoma in different organs, endocrine tumors and lentiginosis lesions. This is the first case report of this syndrome from Iran.Case: The patient is a 27 year old girl, referred with flank pain. Physical examination revealed hirsutism, truncal obesity, hyperpigmantasion and hypertension; Cushing's syndrome was suggested and confirmed with related classic biochemical tests. She had history of cardiac myxoma during her childhood and had been operated twice.Pituitary microadenoma and right adrenal adenoma were reported on MRI and CT-scan, respectively. Initially laparascopic right adrenalectomy was done; as expected, no remission in signs of Cushing's syndrome was observed after surgery. By laparoscopic adrenalectomy of the other site, Cushing's syndrome resolved. Pathologic report of 1st operation was adrenal adenoma with surrounding pigmented micronodular hyperplasia and of the 2nd one was just pigmented micronodular hyperplasia.Conclusion: We have reported a patient with Carney syndrome along with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and an adenoma in contralateral adrenal and microadenoma of the pituitary as an incidentaloma. This is a new presentation of Carney syndrome.

After the collapse of Soviet Union, South Caucasus has been the ground of different kinds of threats and security challenges. The most important security challenges in South Caucasus include ethnic and territorial conflicts, political instability, lack of economic and social development, transnational threats, organized crime, and finally the competition of regional and trans-regional powers. The existence of these challenges has provided a security complexity in Caucasus and has prevented the establishment of stability and peace in this region. The main question in this study is: How can we employ the main components of the security complex including polarity, social construct, state's nature, boundary and anarchy in south Caucasus? Assumption is that the components of regional security complex can be applied in south Caucasus because of its security interdependence, this region would be considered independence from Russia regional security complex.  The Firstly, an attempt has been made to assess the genealogy of the security complex theory. Then, a survey has been done to see whether this complex is a sub complex of Russia security complex or it is an independent one, using the framework of boundaries concept. Finally, the components of security complex theory are applied in South Caucasus using an "Explanation and Positivism" methodology.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Today, with the complexity and chaos in the international system, regions are greatly affected by the logic of complexity. One of the important regions affected by the security order complexity is the Middle East. This descriptive-analytical study aims to explain the Middle East security order in a complex situation. According to the complexity theory, this study tries to explain the complexity in the regions and then the Middle East is presented as a case. The question is: What are the principles of the Middle East security order in a complex situation? Hence, it was assumed that nonlinearity, dynamics, and being in chaos are the main features of the security order complexity in the Middle East. The results reported that the Middle East security order is nonlinear and based on a novel fuzzy logic.

This article enters into the debate on the link between security and identity by looking at the security context in the states surrounding the Persian Gulf, particularly Iran. Earlier scholarly works have approached security and identity separately, but lack a framework that connects them in a single account. The process tracing method offers a scientific approach to connect various notions in a single study, allowing the synthesis of diverse disciplines to establish links connecting them. Applying the method to the current security and identity issues of the regional states with Jundallah _a terrorist group in the eastern border of Iran_ has established a link between them and has thus enriched the current studies of the region. The main findings are that the Persian Gulf region is a heterogeneous security complex with diverse actors wielding power, and that societal threats have increased since the 2003 Iraq War. Since that year, a conflictual security complex has predominated in the region, which has destabilized the region more than before.

During last 25 years, Central Asia’ s stability has permanently witness with increasing difficult and complicated situation. All the countries of the region have experienced low or high pressures of nationalistic trends. Meanwhile appearance of domestic challenges, difficulties of the ear of independence, weakness in state-building and nation-building, spread of peripheral problems in the region, geopolitical vacuum, and finally activities of regional and international players especially after 9/11, have made very complicated the security sphere of Central Asia. In a such condition of cooperation and competition of foreign players, intervention of trans regional powers have a very deep impact on the regional security that could have positive or negative effects on these developments. This paper focus on this question that, “ what are the opportunities for Iran and Turkey to play their role in the Central Asian security complex? ” To answer this question, the authors first describe the security sphere pf Central Asia and use the theory of “ security complex” . Then by analyzing Iran’ s and Turkey’ s capacities to play role in this context. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical.

Any definition of national interests and the means of securing and protecting them by governments will have their own practical and strategic requirements on domestic and foreign policy. In the meantime, security has always been defined as one of the vital needs and goals of countries and has been pursued as an important priority in the national interest in various ways. Ensuring energy security, especially oil security, from extraction to transfer, exchange and sale, is considered as economic lifeblood for a country like Iran, which faced a serious challenge with the emergence and spread of Takfiri terrorism in Syria and Iraq; While Iran has been deprived from oil selling advantages in world markets, ISIS benefited more and more from oil smuggling in dark markets, earning weekly such an income ranging from “ several million” to US$28 million (in 2014-2015). The purpose of this paper is to answer this question: how did Iran react to Terrorism threat in Middle East to ensure its own oil security and that of region? We suppose that, the strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran against these conditions, in addition to its revolutionary commitment to supporting liberation movements and oppressed nations, as well as the necessity in protecting Iran’ s strategic depth in West, was to expand the doctrinal core of Mehvar e Moqamevah (Axis of resistance) to the political, economic and military spheres. This assumption studied in this article with a descriptive-analytical approach, in the context of the Copenhagen School, particularly, the idea of the Bari-Buzan and Elie Weaver regional security complex.

Following the developments taking place in the architecture of the international system, as well as the phenomenon of globalization and the change in the nature of the threats and the threatening actors, the mutual security dependence between the state actors has been mounting. Although the mutual security dependence is perceived in different levels and regions, it becomes more conspicious in relation to the neighbouring geographical polities that integrate with each other to form regional security complexes. An overview of the security complexes in different areas indicates that this has not been realized in a few areas, despite the capacities and backgrounds for the formation of security communities and the perceived need for the formation of this type of communities. The security complex of the North-East of Asia as a strategic subsystem in the East Asia region is undergoing such conditions. Using the components of the theory of security complex, this writing tries to answer this question: Why has the pluralist security community in the North East region not been yet formed? To answer this question, the hypothesis in this research is based on this fact that the spiritual component (the pattern of friendship and enmity, culture) and the material component (the regional competitions between the two original actors), territorial disputes and the proximity, economy) as regional variables as well as the United States’ involvement in the security equations of the region as a trans-regional variable both constitute the most important reasons for the fact that a joint security regime has not been formed in the region. The president search has been written based on analytical-descriptive method using library resources.